Studier som utgår från en grupp individer med en viss, fastställd sjukdom och en kontrollgrupp (jämförelsegrupp, referensgrupp) utan denna sjukdom. Sambandet mellan ett kännetecken och sjukdomen under söks genom jämförelse mellan personer med sjukdomen och personer utan med hänsyn till förekomstfrekvens eller nivåer av kännetecknet i de båda grupperna.
Comparisons that start with the identification of persons with the disease or outcome of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease or outcome of interest. The relationship of an attribute is examined by comparing both groups with regard to the frequency or levels of outcome over time.
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